Showing posts with label Medicine. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Medicine. Show all posts

Sunday, December 29, 2013

Vitamin supplements are waste of money, say scientists


Vitamins
Scientists said an average western diet is sufficient to provide the necessary vitamins the body needs. Photograph: Hanson Fiona Hanson/PA



Vitamin supplements almost never have health benefits, are a waste of money and could even be harmful, a group of scientists said in a damning indictment of the industry.
Despite one in three Britons taking vitamins or mineral pills, evidence from studies of almost 500,000 people suggested that "supplementing the diet of well-nourished adults … has no clear benefit and might even be harmful."
The conclusions were drawn by British and US academics at the University of Warwick and the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore, and published in the Annals of Internal Medicine.
The scientists also suggested that companies selling supplements were fuelling false health anxieties to offer unnecessary cures, according to the Times.
Three research papers helped inform their opinion, one of which, analysing 24 previous trials involving 450,000 people, found no beneficial effect on mortality from taking vitamins.
Another examined 6,000 elderly men and found no improvement on cognitive decline after 12 years of taking supplements, while a third saw no advantage of supplements among 1,700 men and women with heart problems over an average study of five years.
The experts said most supplements should be avoided as their use is not justified. They wrote: "These vitamins should not be used for chronic disease prevention. Enough is enough."
They said that an average western diet was sufficient to provide the vitamins the body needs. Edgar Miller, of the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, said: "There are some that advocate we have many nutritional deficiencies in our diet. The truth is though we are in general overfed, our diet is completely adequate."
He added: "These companies are marketing products to us based on perceptions of deficiencies. They make us think our diet is unhealthy, and that they can help us make up for these deficiencies and stop chronic illnesses. The group that needs these is very small. It's not the general population."
Miller continued: "There's something for everything: preventing joint pains, stopping heart disease. If you're going to spend your money on something every month, is this really the best option?"
The NHS advised recently that other than women hoping to conceive taking folic acid and the elderly and children under five benefiting from vitamin D, supplementary vitamins would be surplus to that already gained through diet, the Times said.
The Health Food Manufacturers' Association said vitamin supplements provided people with "nutritional insurance".

Original article: Click here

Sunday, September 1, 2013

想成為一位醫師,有10件事你得先放棄!

想成為一位醫師,有10件事你得先放棄!


文:Leo/吳孟智 譯

(Doc eat doc:10 things you need to give up to become a doctor)



一個醫師的養成是一條漫長的道路,從一開始下定決心從醫,加上你必須要累積一些在醫院當志工的經驗,到申請醫學院和通過一連串的檢定考試。(譯者按:各國醫學院的入學資格各有不同,但必須過關斬將的歷程則是大同小異。) 但這都還只是前菜而已,真正煎熬的是從進了醫學院才開始。挑燈夜戰、永遠讀不完的課程和不斷的大大小小的考試,都被視為是正常的訓練。一路走來,你必須犧牲的事情實在太多了,多到數不完。

我就列舉出我自己的【前10大必須認清的事實】來跟大家分享吧!

1. 放棄你想要賺大錢的念頭

只有極少數的醫師最後會變得很富有。(至少在歐洲是這樣)。如果你從醫是為了想賺大錢,那實在還有許多職業比當醫師好太多了,至少沒有那些勞累和壓力。如果你一心想要成為一個百萬富翁,那我勸你最好連大學都不要讀了!事實上,醫師的養成,在於你擁有這些專業知識和技能之後,無私且利他的職業道德,應用到每日的行醫過程之中。所以,別夢想你會因為當上醫師而賺大錢!



2. 別妄想你能改變全世界

成為一個醫師,最後你會了解到,事實上你無法解決所有的醫療難題。雖然有時候醫師可以拯救病患,但是請記住,就算你再厲害,你也無法解決所有因貧窮、戰爭、政策錯誤、或藉醫療謀取暴利等等所衍生的問題。當然,你可以盡你所能,但往往最後你會發現,你還是太渺小了,不足以撼動整個體系。

3. 你沒有週末假期

早在念醫學院的時候,你就常常要犧牲週末假期來趕報告或是準備考試。一旦你開始當上住院醫師,你最常做的一件事就是趕緊看看下個月的班表,找找看有誰可以跟你換班,讓你可以騰出一個週末假期,好讓你可以去拍婚紗或是結婚宴客什麼的。當你的朋友不斷地催促你趕快來參加BBQ時,而你卻正在病房處理一個下消化道大出血的病人而汗流浹背、焦頭爛額之時,你就會開始後悔,我幹嘛要走這一行!

4. 我好想好好的睡一覺,作夢!

連續on call值班是常有的事,而且隔天早上還得幫老闆開完刀或是看完門診,然後你才可以下班休息去。這種不人道的值班制度真是每位醫師的噩夢;還好,隔天早上他們又都變成一尾活龍!近幾年來,開始有一些制度上的改革,以確保病人的醫療品質和改善醫師的工作環境。

5. 希望我不要覺得自己像個白痴!

作為一位醫師,你所做的每一個決定,都直接影響到病人的病情。你不可能永不犯錯,而且有時候錯誤還會相當嚴重,嚴重到病人被你害死。而且,有時候會碰到一些老師或學長,以羞辱人為樂的,不斷地刺激你、羞辱你,讓你覺得你自己就像一個白痴一樣。一旦這種恐懼纏繞著你,我勸你還是快快轉行吧!

6. 朋友重要,家人優先。別傻了!

作為一個醫師,除了生病或奔喪之類的事,工作常常得擺在第一位,你也無法臨時說走就走,留下一堆爛攤子。甚至我知道的最慘的例子,是一位同事無法去出席他自己的婚禮,只因為那個週末沒有人可以跟他換班或是代班!朋友和家人剛開始只是有點生氣,「你真的是很難約呀!」後來乾脆把你跳過去,再也不約你了!

7. 你無法取悅所有人

無論是你的家人還是朋友,甚至是你的病人,你可能得習慣,總有一天會把他們給惹毛。你可能得告訴老婆:「今晚的燭光晚餐可能要延後了!」因為最後一台刀還下不來。或是你終究得告訴你的癌末病人:「治療無效,很抱歉。」各種情況,都會逼得你做出令人生氣或沮喪的決定。

8. 愈來愈沒有創意

醫療事務常會使人變得像機械化的工作狂,單調而缺乏創意;僅管有一些人不認同這種說法。不信的話,你可以去聽聽看醫師們在聚會的時候都在聊什麼?永遠都在聊工作上的事,醫療相關的事!這一方面是因為醫療上確實有許多有趣的話題,更重要的是,離開了醫療相關的事,尤其是一些需要創意的主題,很容易就會暴露出這群人平凡狹隘無趣的一面。事實上,許多醫療事務並不鼓勵你有太多的創意;而你的創意,也常常在一天又一天的日子裡消磨殆盡而不自知。(當然也有一些例外情形。) 如果你有這樣的認知,你就得小心謹慎,保持對其他事務的興趣,避免自己掉進漩渦裡!

9. 盡量不要異動,離家人朋友近一點。這是奢求!

你必須了解到,選擇工作地點是一個奢求。你常常得被迫去一個你一開始不是那麼想去的地方。就算你畢了業、選了科,也難保你永遠都在同一個地方。有些人或許不在意,但有些人,想到要搬家、換房子、離開家人朋友,光想就怕!誰叫永遠只有偏鄉有缺,而年輕的主治醫師也不得不去!

10. 照顧別人,卻忽略自己的健康。

醫生自己或許不知道,你走進的是一個容易身心疲病、藥物成癮、或酗酒的行業。醫生也不慣於求助別人,往往使情況更糟。雖然說你不見得一定會毀掉你的健康,但至少你要在一開始就要懂得預防,過健康的生活,減低危險因子。有時候,看看你週遭那些非醫療業的朋友,或許你才能驚覺什麼叫作「健康的生活」。

為了某個工作必須犧牲一些事,這也沒什麼!但是,我想,你之所以會選擇當一個醫師,你應該也已經清楚地知道,【醫師】不只是一個工作那麼簡單。【醫師】是一種生活型態,一旦踏入,就難以全身而退。這些所謂的『犧牲』,不過就是成為一位醫師的這個選擇的一部分而已!

以上,就是我認為的10個必須認清的事實。如果你還有其他的,也歡迎你與我分享!

10 things you need to give up to become a doctor

sacrifices to become a doctor
Following a recent article elsewhere which generated an interesting discussion, I started thinking about the things one must give up on the road to becoming a doctor. It’s a long road, beginning with an initial decision, some early voluntary experiences, an application to university and some hard work trying to achieve the barely possible at GCSE and AS / A2.
But it doesn’t even end there. The hard work really only begins at medical school where long hours and repeated exams are considered normal and where you need your patients more than they need you.
There are plenty of things you have to give up along the way, here are my top 10:
 
1. Your desire to be wealthyVery few people in medicine ever become hugely wealthy, at least not in Europe. If riches are what you desire there are many many easier ways of getting that involve alot less heartache, money and stress. If you want to be a millionnaire before you’re 30, my advice would be to avoid university altogether. Most doctors are in the profession for genuinely altruistic reasons as well as the satisfaction that comes from knowing that you have the skills and knowledge to save lives and apply these every single day as a routine part of your work.
2. Your desire to change the worldEqually you must, eventually, give up on the idea of becoming some sort of medical superhero who can solve the worlds medical problems one by one. Yes doctors can do some impressive things when applying their skills to the right situation. But remember that however good your intentions, you will not be able to overcome the problems caused by poverty, war, government neglect or abuse, or coorporate profiteering at the expense of the sick.That doesn’t mean you can’t try to help people afflicted by any of these, you’ll just find that you are usually too small to make any real systemic difference.
 
3. Your free weekends
It starts at medical school when the work starts to pile up, and weekends are sacrificed to meet deadlines and for exam revision. Once you start working as a junior doctor, you’ll find yourself scanning each new doctors rota to work out where your on-call weekends have landed and who can swop with you so that you can still go on that holiday or get married or whatever. There will be sunny weekends when your non-medic friends will be having a barbecue whilst you sweat it out on a ward seeing yet another gastrointestinal bleed wondering why you chose this path.

4. A good nights sleep

Gone are the days where doctors would be on call for 48 or 72 hours and then do a clinic for the boss before retiring to bed. However, modern working arrangements have brought into existence the ‘week of nights’ where you work 4 or 5 and sometimes 7 night shifts in a row.
As someone who has done these I can confirm that doing nights ispretty inhumane. The talk amongst doctors doing nights together often centres around changing specialty or leaving the profession. Don’t worry, it all gets forgotten once normal daytime duties are restored.

5. Your desire to avoid feeling like a fool

You will make mistakes from time to time in this job and your mistakes will all be potentially serious ones, simply because everything you do affects your patients’ lives directly.
Furthermore, there will be times when you have to withstand an onslaught from senior doctors who feel that teaching by humiliation is the only way forward. You will feel like an idiot at times and if the thought of that frightens you you should promptly pick a different profession.

6. Your desire to always put friends and family first

As a doctor your job usually takes priority and you simply cannot shirk your responsibilities simply because you have prior engagements of a personal nature. Over the years I’ve known many difficult situations including a colleague who had to turn down a role as best man for a close friend because nobody could swop his on-call weekend with him and the hospital refused to organise a locum to cover him.
Apart from sickness or bereavement, your first priority will be to your profession. Your friends and family may find that difficult to understand at first. They’ll come round to it with time, especially once they delete your number.

the long road ahead



7. Your desire to please everyone.
Whether it’s your friends or family, as above, or your future patients you’d better get used to upsetting people from time to time. Telling your wife you need to postpone an evening engagement because you are still operating on a difficult case, or telling a patient you won’t be operating on them as they only have three months to live, are both likely to be met with upset. Each situation has it’s unique challenges and needs some communication skills, but the bottom line is that you will have times when you will have to make someone want to either hit you or cry in despair.
 
8. Your creativity
Not many people admit this but medicine takes people who are often very creative and turns them into workaholic, automatons who have little room left in their lives for creativity. If you want evidence for this, go to any dinner party that includes more than one doctor. Chief discussion topic will be work and medicine.That’s partly because anecdotes from doctoring are entertaining, but also because if the medics stray from this conversation topic, they will rapidly expose their banality and limited insights in other areas particularly all things creative.
Much of medicine does not allow much creativity in it’s day to day practice and the intensity of the work beats any desire for creative thinking right out of you before you even realise it’s happening.* Of course whilst accepting this fact you must fight this tendency and attempt to keep up your other interests, otherwise, I can guarantee medicine will invade everything you do.
*There are a few notable exceptions to this!
 
9. Your desire to stay in one place / live close to friends and family.
Want to do something competitive, like medicine? You have to realise that choosing your location is a luxury and you may have to follow your dream in a less than ideal location. Even after you graduate, having your heart set on one speciality is a sure way to geographical instability. Some people don’t mind this, but some with strong family ties or a mortgage, the need to move frequently is a pain.
I began to come to terms with this when I found that even the most obscure places have hospitals. Working in these places you’re just as likely to meet doctors who have also had to move from here from the other side of the country. It’s a great way to meet people but easy to lose touch once you move on.

10. Good health
You may not know it, but you’re joining a profession that has high rates of physical and mental illness as well as drug and alcohol misuse. Doctors are also less likely to seek help than other professions which all adds to a rather worrying picture.
Although ill health isn’t guaranteed in a medical profession you should realise the future risk now and take steps to formulate good lifestyle habits to minimise your risk factors. A good network of non-medical friends should also protect you from neglecting your own needs while you’re treating your patients.

That’s plenty to sacrifice just for a job isn’t it? However, I guess the reason you’re in medicine (or trying to get in) is that you’ve realised that medicine is not just a job, it’s a whole way of life, that’s difficult to let go of once you’ve decided to enter it, and these sacrifices are simply part of the deal.
Original Post: Doceatdoc

Thursday, January 12, 2012

Best Evidence Review of Dietary Supplements and Mortality Rates in Older Women

Dietary supplements are widely used by older adults, even though the effectiveness of these supplements in preventing illness is questionable. But can dietary supplements actually promote a higher risk for death? A new study suggests that the answer is yes for some of the most common supplements. This Best Evidence Review describes the findings of this study and puts these results in context.

Summary of the study:

The routine use of many dietary supplements is discouraged in practice guidelines.

The use of multivitamins, vitamin B6, folic acid, iron, magnesium, zinc, and copper was associated with a higher risk for mortality among older women in the current study.

Original text from Medscape
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/756190

 - Posted using BlogPress from my iPad

Monday, April 18, 2011

Complemantary medicine



There are a lots of alternative medicine out there, ranging from traditional Chinese medicine, Naturopathy, Homeopathy and Ayurveda, mind-body medicine, chiropractic, osteopathic and etc. All these practices have their own system and they are totally different from western medicine. Recently, more and more researches have been carried out to find out how were all these practices been benefit to the people around the world.

In today's medicine practice, complementary medicine and conventional medicine have been integrated especially in the acceptance of the general public. It is undeniable that conventional medicine is effective. The problem with conventional medicine is the fact that it uses more of the synthetic drugs made in the laboratories. Thus, it is undeniable that it carries also a variety of side effects and adverse reactions with it despite its healing efficacy. Another advantage of the complementary medicine over the conventional medicine is the nature of the procedures. There are a number of procedures in conventional medicine practice that are very much invasive, that patients even have to issue an informed consent for them to be legally performed.

Complimentary medicine is known on the other hand for its minimally invasive procedures. Traditional Chinese medicine is among the popular branches of complementary medicine. Acupuncture and massage are the very popular practices in traditional Chinese medicine. Massage on the other hand is the manipulation of the superficial layers to promote relaxation. Both are very much accepted in the current practice of health promotion and maintenance.

As we know that, people nowadays were getting upset with the current practice of conventional medicine. This is not only due to the limitation of the conventional medicine, some of the diseases just can’t cure rather than symptomatic relieve. Thus, all these factors had indirectly contributed to the emergence of the popularity of complementary medicine. People started to believe everything under the sun, as they believed some of the complementary medicine was better than the conventional medicine. Some of the patients even place a higher hope for the conventional medicine to cure their underlying diseases. No doubt some of them were right, at least they felt better either physically or mentally, and I was told by my lecturer that it might be a placebo effect causing them to feel better due to the release of endogenous endorphin. I don’t want to criticize on that as long as it did no harm to the patients, and some the patients were actually rely on the complimentary medicine as their final hope and they just can’t live without it.

Since the complementary medicine is getting more attention and become more popular nowadays, doctors were facing a lot of challenge not only in term of getting the patients to believe the conventional medicine as well as getting their patients to comply to the prescribed medicine. For me, I think counseling and educating a patient about their underlying disease is more important than treating them solely without explaining to them. These include how far and to what extent a conventional medicine could really help. On top of that, a medical profession should always offer different options for the patients so that they can choose what they want. For example, patients with chronic osteoarthritis can be offered for acupuncture as an adjuvant therapy apart from the conventional pain control. Doctors should always keep themselves updated by reading more journal and practice evidence-based medicine rather than empirical based. Besides, doctor should always attend more conferences in order to be more competent in treating the patients.